Disseminated intraabdominal hydatid disease may occur with the rupture of the hydatid cyst into the peritoneal cavity, producing secondary echinococcosis. Hydatid disease is a parasitic infestation by echinococcus granulosus characterized by cyst formation in various organs. Four species of echinococcus produce infection in humans. We present a rare case of disseminated primary hydatid disease involving the vertebral body and extensive extradural paravertebral soft tissue causing cord compression. Severe disseminated hydatid disease successfully treated medically with prolonged administration of albendazole ntobeko a. Hydatid cysts of the liver diagnosis, complications and treatment 107 3. Infestation by hydatid disease in humans most commonly occurs in the liver 5570% followed by the lung 1835%. The authors report a case of disseminated hydatid disease involving multiple. Disseminated hydatid disease, also known as disseminated abdominal hydatidosisis, is a rare presentation of hydatid disease.
The two main types of the disease are cystic echinococcosis and alveolar echinococcosis. Secondary involvement due to hematogenous dissemination may be found in almost any anatomic location. The term hydatid disease covers infection with two separate species. After surgery, the echinococcosis disseminated and he developed chronic lytic and sinusdraining hydatid disease of the left. Hydatid disease from head to toe1 learning objectives for test 6 after reading this article and taking the test, the reader will be able to. Breast lump as a presentation of a hydatid disease. Successful management of these patients and possible routes for abdominopelvic dissemination of the disease are discussed. There are four types of hydatid cysts hcs with various levels of organ involvement. The surface was irregular and a diagnosis of polycystic kidney disease was considered. Cureus disseminated hydatid disease in a child involving. Nagpal v, kohli k, chowdhary a, kumar a, andley m, ravi b. Ecchinococcosis is caused by infection with the metacestode stage of the tapeworm echinococcus.
The two species have different life cycles, clinical presentations, natural histories and management. Pdf hydatid disease is one of the commonest parasitic infections of the liver. These findings strongly suggested the diagnosis of disseminated hydatid disease and it was confirmed by serological tests for echinococcus granulosus. Hydatid disease is a disease caused by ingesting larva of the parasite known as echinococcus. Humans do not play a role in the biological cycle of e. The disease often starts without symptoms and this may last for years. Introduction echinococcosis hydatid disease is a zoonosis caused by the larval stage of taenia echinococcosis, where humans are the accidental intermediate host and animals are both intermediate and. Disseminated hydatid disease, the american journal of. All four hc types can be seen in the liver, with the right lobe being the most common site of involvement. Discussion intraperitoneal hydatid disease is seen in % of all cases. An imported case of disseminated echinococcosis in korea.
Paikos2 1ophthalmology department, athens university, attikon hospital 2ophthalmology department, agia sofia childrens hospital, athens greece introduction hydatid disease is endemic in most sheepraising countries in. Introduction hydatid disease, human infection with the larval stage of tapeworms of the. The spread of hydatid disease can be associated with the lymphatic or systemic circulation 8. A 75yearold man presented with straining and increased frequency at micturition for a week and abdominal distension for 2 months. Abdominopelvic masses with ascites, peritoneal disease, pleural effusion, and elevated serum ca125 levels in a patient raises the clinical suspicion of advanced ovarian cancer. The patient was referred to the urology department for further management. In this report we are discussing an unusual case of intraabdominal hd that was ongoing for 22 years despite two surgical interventions. Infection with echinococcus leads to the development of cysts in various organs. Significant symptomatic relief was achieved within the first two months of combination therapy with albendazole and praziquantel. Pdf disseminated alveolar hydatid disease resembling a. It can cause a variety of complications in the liver. Disseminated hydatid disease mistaken for polycystic. Disseminated hydatid disease heart, brain, lung and vascular involvement a rare case report international journal of research in health sciences, 2014, 2, 2, 650653. Hydatid disease hd is a unique parasitic disease that primarily affects the liver and is endemic in many parts of the world.
This article presents an unusual case of double benign pathology of an ovarian. Dissemination of hd may occur following rupture of the hydatid cyst into the peritoneal cavity. This condition is more likely to be fatal than the disease caused by e. Disseminated alveolar hydatid disease resembling a. In this case, an elderly female got infected by echinococcus and presented with disseminated disease. A fistulous communication developed between one of the hydatid cysts present in the retrovesical region and the bladder, because of which the patient presented with hydatiduria.
Unusual presentation of severely disseminated and rapidly. Long term followup of a patient with disseminated spinal hydatidosis. Cystic echinococcosus has a world wide geographical distribution. Hydatid disease is a parasitic infestation by echinococcus granulosus, which involves the liver and lungs primarily. The former is commonly seen in the great grazing regions of the worldparticularly the mediterranean region, africa, south america, the middle east, australia, and new zealandand is. Seventeen years after the spinal surgery, he was referred to our. Disseminated alveolar hydatid disease resembling a metastatic malignancy. Hydatid disease is one of the most geographically widespread zoonoses with substantial disease burden. Disseminated hydatidosis is an infrequent condition that usually results from the rupture of a liver cyst, with subsequent seeding of protoscolices in the abdominal cavity2. Disseminated cerebral hydatid disease multiple intracranial. Discuss the roles of us, ct, and mr imaging in the diagnosis of hydatid disease. After surgery, the echinococcosis disseminated and he developed chronic lytic and sinusdraining hydatid disease of the left hip and neuromuscular weakness of the left lower extremity.
Primary disseminated hydatid disease of the vertebral body. Rupture of hydatid cyst into abdominal cavity, causing multifocal dissemination, is uncommon complication affecting 2 12% of patients. A diagnostic challenge a report of two cases mesutbulakci, 1 erdemyilmaz, 1 ferhatcengel, 2 ahmetgocmez, 1 mervegulbizkartal, 1 eminegoknurisik, 3 erhancelenk, 1 gulcinyegen, 4 andartursalmaslioglu 1 department of radiology, istanbul faculty of medicine, istanbul university, millet caddesi, capa. Echinococcus granulosus, resulting in the disease cystic echinococcosis.
Disseminated hydatidosis with rare presentation as. Disseminated peritoneal hydatidosis following blunt. Hydatid cysts of the liver diagnosis, complications and. A cestode, echinococcus granulosus usually causes cystic echinococcosis. Hydatid cyst disease can occurs in liver 63%, lungs 25%, muscles 5%, bone 3%, kidney 2%, brain 1%, spleen 1%. Hydatid disease, caused by echinococcus granulosus, is a common parasitic infection of the liver. An extensive electronic search of the relevant literature was performed using medline and the cochrane library. Send by email view as pdf send by post hydatid disease also known as hydatidosis or echinococcosis is a potentially serious, sometimes fatal, condition caused by cysts containing the larval stages of the echinococcus granulosus e. Primary disseminated extrahepatic abdominal hydatid cyst. Since then, 38 echinococcosis cases have been reported, most from endemic areas. Hydatid cyst can affect many organs, but liver is the most common site, followed by lungs. Secondary peritoneal disease usually occurs as a result of either traumatic or surgical rupture, as in this case, of a primary hepatic or splenic cyst. Alveolar hydatid disease or alveolar echinococcosis is a disease of the parasite echinococcus multilocularis that is potentially fatal if left untreated. Disseminated abdominal hydatidosis sir, human hydatid disease results from infection with larval form of echinococcus granulosus.
Disseminated hydatid cyst of liver and lung bmj case reports. Nearly 30% of these oncospheres escape from the hepatic filter and settle in the lungs, which are the second most commonly involved organ. The swelling was diffuse but prominent over both the flanks. Echinococcosis is a parasitic disease of tapeworms of the echinococcus type. Disseminated hydatidosis is a rare disease and may involve any organ of the human body.
The patient under examination had been having a complaint of cough and lowgrade fever for the last one year. Peritoneal hydatidosis is almost always secondary to hepatic disease, although some unusual cases of primary peritoneal hydatidosis have been described. The authors report a case of disseminated hydatid disease involving multiple organs simultaneously in a 7yearold child from kabul, afghanistan. Less common forms include polycystic echinococcosis and unicystic echinococcosis. Department of internal medicine, university of cape town, cape town, south africa. Figure 1disseminated abdominal, retroperitoneal, and pelvic hydatid disease. Hydatid cysts result from infection by the echinococcus species, and can result in cyst formation anywhere in the body. Echinococcal disease is caused by infection with the metacestode stage of the tapeworm echinococcus, which belongs to the family taeniidae. Mostly, hydatid cyst is primarily in liver 75% and lung 15%. Disseminated hydatid disease mistaken for polycystic kidney disease by ultrasound. The patient was treated with surgical decompression of the spine and spinal stabilization was achieved using implants followed by antihelminthic therapy using oral albendazole. Consumption of contaminated vegetables and contact with infected animals or contaminated soil are the transmission routes to humans, who act as accidental hosts. Hydatid disease hd is a parasitic disease, most frequently caused by echinococcus granulosus or echinococcus multilocularis and rarely by echinococcus vogeli or echinococcus oligarthus.
Multiorgan involvement and the aggressive appearance of lesions make alveolar hydatid disease easy to confuse. Intracranial echinococcosis is relatively uncommon and usually occurs in the context of echinococcal lesions elsewhere in the body, mostly liver and lung. Here, we report the case of a patient with disseminated cystic echinococcosis, who had a complicated clinical course due to a delayed diagnosis and. Humans can only be infected by echinococcus if they have a close contact with animals. In our patient, the presence of perihepatic adhesions, as well as omental and tubal hydatid cysts, pointed to a diagnosis of hydatid cyst of the liver as the primary lesion. The abdomen showed bimanually palpable and ballotable masses in the loin suggestive of renal mass. We present a case of primary disseminated abdominal hd presenting with the complaint of a pain in the epigastric region along with intermittent fever. Disseminated hydatid disease disseminated hydatid disease canda, aras emre 20090701 00. Case report disseminated alveolar hydatid disease resembling a metastatic malignancy. Disseminated hydatid disease heart, brain, lung and. A patient who had had been treated by surgery for spinal echinococcosis in a mediterranean country emigrated to northern europe. Severe disseminated hydatid disease successfully treated.
Discussion hydatid cysts hcs result from infection by the echinococcus worm, and can result in cyst formation anywhere in the body 17. In our case, there was a history of the rupture of a mesenteric cystic lesion during surgery. Management of cystic echinococcosis complications and. However, disseminated tuberculosis and echinococcosis are benign conditions that can mimic an ovarian malignancy. Disseminated hydatid disease causing paraplegia and. Multiple intracranial lesions can result from rupture of an initial single intracranial cyst in cystic echinococcosis or from dissemination of systemic disease of the lung, liver or heart cystic and alveolar echinococcosis. The disease commonly affects the liver 65%, and less frequently the lungs 25%1. The mediterranean basin is an important endemic area 6,7. Disseminated abdominopelvic intraperitoneal hydatid. Hydatid disease is a worldwide zoonosis produced by the larval stage of the echinococcus tapeworm, fig 1. Most infections in humans are asymptomatic, but ce, also known as hydatid disease, causes. Pdf disseminated hydatid disease mistaken for polycystic. Frequently asked questions faqs cystic echinococcosis ce disease results from being infected with the larval stage of echinococcus granulosus, a tiny tapeworm 27 millimeters in length found in dogs definitive host, sheep, cattle, goats, foxes, and pigs, amongst others intermediate hosts.
The two main types of hydatid disease are caused by e granulosus and e multilocularis. Pathology hydatid cyst structure a primary cyst in the liver is composed of three layers. Primary peritoneal hydatid cyst disease is a rare phenomenon. The symptoms and signs that occur depend on the cysts location and size. Introduction echinococcosis hydatid disease is a zoonosis caused by the larval stage of taenia echinococcosis, where humans are the accidental intermediate host and animals are both intermediate and definitive hosts. The disease is endemic in certain parts of the world. We herein reported a very rare case of lung hydatidosis as a result of disseminated hydatid cysts from intra. There are two main species of the echinococcus tapeworm 1,2. It primarily involves the liver but can be disseminated to other organs like the lungs and the brain by hematogenous route. Based on usg and mri findings, a diagnosis of disseminated intraperitoneal hydatidosis with hepatic and retrovesical cysts was made.
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